Executive glossary
Plain language for complex systems.
Concise definitions for the technologies, operating disciplines, and architectural concepts referenced throughout this site.
These definitions describe how the terms are used in this body of work. They are intentionally brief rather than exhaustive.
48 definitions
- Accountable AI
- AI and governance
AI designed so access, actions, decisions, and outcomes remain governed, observable, auditable, and ultimately owned by people.
- Accountable intelligence
- AI and governance
Intelligence that operates within explicit permissions, guardrails, observability, auditability, and human responsibility.
- Agentic AI
- AI and governance
AI that can plan, use tools, and take actions within defined permissions rather than only generating a response.
- Agentic systems
- AI and governance
Operational systems combining models, tools, data, permissions, workflows, guardrails, and human oversight to complete bounded work.
- Agentic workflows
- AI and governance
Workflows in which AI agents coordinate steps or tools while operating within explicit controls, escalation paths, and accountability.
- Analytics
- Applications and data
The use of data to understand performance, identify patterns, explain outcomes, and support decisions.
- Application programming interface (API)
- Automation and integration
A defined interface that allows applications and services to exchange data or request actions from one another.
- Auditability
- AI and governance
The ability to reconstruct what happened, which data and tools were used, and who or what was responsible.
- Automation
- Automation and integration
The use of software to perform repeatable work with reduced manual effort and more consistent execution.
- Bounded intelligence
- AI and governance
AI limited by explicit scope, permissions, tools, constraints, and escalation paths.
- Business intelligence
- Applications and data
Technologies and practices that turn operational data into reports, dashboards, and decision-ready information.
- Business systems
- Applications and data
Applications and platforms that support essential organizational processes, data, controls, and decisions.
- Carrier-grade infrastructure
- Infrastructure
Technology engineered for high availability, capacity, monitoring, recovery, and strict service commitments.
- Cloud platforms
- Infrastructure
On-demand computing services that provide scalable infrastructure, applications, data, and integration capabilities.
- Decision intelligence
- Applications and data
The combination of data, analytics, rules, and context to improve how decisions are made and acted upon.
- Decision support
- Applications and data
Information and tools that help people make better-grounded decisions without removing human responsibility.
- Deterministic automation
- Automation and integration
Automation that follows explicit rules and produces predictable results for the same inputs.
- Digital transformation
- Strategy and operations
Redesigning operations, services, and decision-making through technology rather than simply replacing old tools.
- Enterprise AI
- AI and governance
AI deployed across business operations with integration, security, governance, support, and measurable organizational outcomes.
- Enterprise applications
- Applications and data
Software used across an organization to manage important processes, data, and controls.
- Enterprise architecture
- Strategy and operations
The structure connecting business goals, processes, data, applications, infrastructure, security, and operating responsibilities.
- Enterprise networks
- Infrastructure
The connectivity linking an organization’s users, locations, applications, cloud services, and data.
- Event-driven automation
- Automation and integration
Automation triggered by a business event, such as a hire, transaction, or status change, rather than a manual request.
- Executive leadership
- Strategy and operations
Setting direction, allocating resources, managing risk, building capable teams, and remaining accountable for organizational outcomes.
- Global deployments
- Strategy and operations
Technology implementations delivered across regions while balancing enterprise standards with local requirements and support.
- Global infrastructure
- Infrastructure
Technology services designed to operate reliably across regions, locations, and time zones.
- Governance
- Strategy and operations
The roles, policies, controls, and decision rights that determine how technology is selected, used, changed, and reviewed.
- Guardrails
- AI and governance
Technical and procedural constraints that keep automated or AI-driven actions within approved boundaries.
- Human-in-the-loop
- AI and governance
A deliberate point where a person reviews, approves, overrides, or assumes responsibility for a system’s action.
- Human judgment
- AI and governance
Human interpretation and accountability applied where context, ambiguity, ethics, or consequence make rules alone insufficient.
- Identity and access management
- Strategy and operations
The processes and technologies used to establish identity and control what users and systems may access or do.
- Identity automation
- Automation and integration
Automated provisioning, updating, and removal of identities, access, licenses, and related lifecycle tasks.
- Line-of-business systems
- Applications and data
Applications supporting a specific operational function such as human resources, finance, safety, or field operations.
- Microsoft Entra ID
- Automation and integration
Microsoft’s cloud identity and access service for managing users, applications, devices, authentication, and permissions.
- Microsoft Graph
- Automation and integration
Microsoft’s unified API for accessing and managing data and services across Microsoft 365.
- Observability
- AI and governance
The ability to understand a system’s behavior through logs, metrics, traces, events, and operational context.
- Operational resilience
- Infrastructure
The ability to continue delivering critical services through failures, disruptions, demand changes, and planned transitions.
- Orchestration
- Automation and integration
Coordinating multiple systems, steps, rules, and dependencies as one managed process.
- Power BI
- Applications and data
Microsoft’s platform for data modeling, visualization, dashboards, and business intelligence.
- Power Platform
- Automation and integration
Microsoft’s low-code platform for building applications, workflows, analytics, websites, and AI-enabled business solutions.
- Production intelligence
- AI and governance
AI or decision capabilities embedded in live operations with controls, monitoring, support, and accountability.
- Service-level agreement (SLA)
- Infrastructure
A measurable commitment defining expected availability, performance, response, or support.
- Systems integration
- Automation and integration
Connecting applications, data, identities, and workflows so they operate as a coordinated system.
- Technology strategy
- Strategy and operations
A plan aligning technology investments, architecture, risk, talent, and delivery with organizational priorities.
- Trusted data
- Applications and data
Data whose source, meaning, quality, ownership, and timeliness are understood well enough to support decisions and automation.
- Useful intelligence
- AI and governance
Intelligence that understands the operating context, acts within permission, remains observable in execution, and is accountable in outcome.
- Voice over IP (VoIP)
- Infrastructure
Voice communications carried over IP networks, allowing voice to share scalable, routable infrastructure with data.
- Workflow orchestration
- Automation and integration
The managed coordination of tasks, systems, decisions, and exceptions across an end-to-end process.